an lushan rebellion death toll percentage

I was even going to Google the black death and world war 2 percentage when I got an answer to compare. Finally, in 763, after Luoyang was taken by the Tang forces for the second time, Shi Chaoyi committed suicide, ending the eight-year-long rebellion. The An Lushan Rebellion spanned from 16 December 755 to 17 February 763. This rebellion involved the death of some 1336 million people, making it one of the deadliest wars in history. This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. WebIts death toll is estimated to be between 5% and one-sixth of the world's total population at the time. Mamden chiri-rekishi kenkyu hokoku 1 (1915). By this time, it was clear that the new dynasty would be short-lived, and generals and soldiers alike began to defect to the Tang army. [14][31] The chancellor Zhang Jiuling, arguing that An's death would be necessary to preserve military discipline and further believing that An had the appearance of a rebel, advocated An's death, but Emperor Xuanzong believed An to be able and did not want to execute him, and therefore spared him but stripped him of titles, returning him to serve under Zhang. Li Zhu'er attacked his stomach and abdomen. On one occasion, three days after his birthday, he was taken into the womens quarters of the palace dressed as a baby, and put through a mock adoption ceremony by Yang. an lushan rebellion death toll percentagehow to cite creative commons in powerpoint. Emperor Xuanzong responded, "He is the reserve emperor. An Lushan Rebellion (755-763 AD) The An Lushan Rebellion happened in the Chinese Tang Dynasty when a Tang general established a rival dynasty in the North. The two teams divided again into vast forces, and called themselves the Allies and the Axis. Estimating casualties is difficult; some place the death toll as high as 36 million, Marching on the island capital of Tenochtitlan, one of the largest cities in the world with an estimated population of 250,000-300,000 people, the Aztec Emperor, Moctezuma II, welcomed the Spanish to his city. A census taken in 280 following the reunification of the region under the Jin accounts for 2,459,840 households, encompassing 16,163,863 total subjects. 1988 (vol. The, Historical Development of the Pre-Dynastic Khitan, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=An_Lushan&oldid=1129876077, Articles with dead external links from July 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing Chinese-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2016, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, officer of the Pinglu Army , translator. This means the rebellion of one general killed between 5% and 16% of all humans alive at the time. [36], On Lunar New Year's day, 756 (5 February[1]), An Lushan declared himself Emperor at Luoyang, establishing a new state of Yan, making Zhang Tongru and the surrendered Tang official Daxi Xun () his chancellors. This is an idea that has been pushed by Stephen Pinker, who is not The An Lushan Rebellion was a devastating rebellion against the Tang dynasty of China; it significantly weakened the dynasty. As a result, the deputy ministers of civil service, Song Yao () and Miao Jinqing were demoted. Italy. Yang Guozhong later accused Wei of bribing An's associate Ji Wen (), and Wei and Ji were both demoted. It was in many ways your standard, textbook peasant uprising resulting from all the usual markers of a dynastic decline: famine, natural catastrophe, burdensome taxation, eunuch corruption, and what have you. ISBN links support NWE through referral fees. Rebellious general An Lushan declared a rivaling Yan Dynasty. On the way, at Mawei Inn in Shaanxi, Xuanzong's bodyguard troops demanded the death of Yang Guozhong, and of his cousin, Lady Yang, whom they held responsible for the political upheaval in China. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Lushan_Rebellion#Death_toll. (Changan itself was briefly occupied by the Tibetan army in 764, after the course of the rebellion.). At An's request, Emperor Xuanzong also gave him the governorship of Hedong Circuit (, headquartered in modern Taiyuan, Shanxi), in addition to Pinglu and Fanyang. Weban lushan rebellion death toll percentage 22 May an lushan rebellion death toll percentage Posted at 15:30h in warehouse for sale near strasbourg by creamy The rebellion overtly began on December 16, 755, when general An Lushan declared himself emperor in Northern China, thus establishing a rival Yan Dynasty, and ended when Yan fell on February 17, 763 (although Wikimedia Commons. In 752, he wanted to launch a major counterattack against the Khitan, requesting that the ethnically Tujue general Li Xianzhong () accompany him. 1: Trial by Battle, J. 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Answers must be in-depth and comprehensive, or they will be removed. Sensing the emperors weakness, northern province warlord An Lushan mounted a rebellion and occupied the capital in 755 A.D., forcing Xuanzong to flee. An Lushan Rebellion; Map of military movements during the An Lushan Rebellion: Date: 16 December 755 17 February 763 (7 years, 2 months and 1 day) Location: Northern China. The savagery of the Mongol conqueror Genghis Khan may have culled the global population by about 11 percent; two bloody upheavals in China the An Lushan An himself was almost killed, and, after retreating, blamed the defeat on Ge Jie () and Yu Chengxian (), executing them. On 23 February, when An was summoned to the palace, Consort Yang, in order to please Emperor Xuanzong, had an extra-large infant wrapping made, and wrapped An in it, causing much explosion of laughter among the ladies-in-waiting and eunuchs. An Lushan rose through the ranks of the Tang-dynasty He approached Luoyang, where he encountered an ill-prepared army commanded by Feng, defeating Feng quickly and forcing Feng to flee and concede Luoyang to him. History sometimes seems to be an inevitable process but it was not. [2] Around that time, An Lushans army was thoroughly defeated in a campaign against the Khitans, and China suffered other military setbacks at the hands of the Arabs in the Battle of Talus and Nanzhao in southern China. WebWeird History: An Lushan Rebellion. This allowed An Lushan to amass significant military power in northeast China. According to historical sources, his original name might have been Aluoshan[14] or Yaluoshan,[15][16] the latter stated by Jiu Tangshu to mean "war" in Old Turkic. General and rebel leader in Tang China; first emperor of Yan (r. 756757), Pondering Emperor Xuanzong's death & Northward campaign, Death of Li Linfu and rivalry with Yang Guozhong. "Ah Lushan Dengzahu De Neiya Wenhua Beijing" ("The Cultural Background on An Lushan, etc in Inner Asia With the Discussion on the Inner Asia-ized of Sute or Sogdian"). Then, after taking the throne, An Qingxu reported that An Lushan had died. Shi Siming was killed in turn by his own son, Shi Chaoyi. (Geshu, hearing this, made the same request, and Emperor Xuanzong also granted this privilege to Geshu.) One such general, Wu Sangui, consequently defected to the Qing cause and with their combined forces defeated the new dynasty at the Battle of Shanhai Pass. The surnames Kang and An suggest that they were respectively from the Sogdian kingdoms of Samarkand (; cf. The An Lushan Rebellion was an uprising against the Tang dynasty of China towards the mid-point of the dynasty (from 755 to 763), with an attempt to replace Roman Republic vs. Samnites. Highly unpopular among the peasantry, with the Seven Grievances listed against the Ming Emperor, in 1618 the Manchu chieftain Nurhaci began an armed rebellion. Interested in lost civilizations and human evolution. It is the world's most populous country, with a population of more than 1.4 billion. In mid-reign, he fell in love Yang Guifei, the wife of his eighteenth son, and she then became his favorite consort. Here is an answer I gave on his figures for the Mongol conquests. Along the way, as Tang local officials surrendered to An Lushans forces, they were treated with respect and joined his ranks. An Lushan Rebellion The An Lushan Rebellion was a rebellion against the Tang Dynasty of China between 755 A.D. and 763 A.D. An Lushan suffered from chronic eye problems that eventually led to blindness; he had ulcers; and he At a time that was not recorded in history, he married a Lady Kang as his first wife, and she bore him at least one son, An Qingxu, who, however, was not his oldest son. Before the revolt, estimates put the population within the city walls at from 800,000-1,000,000. [35], In 753, with Li Linfu's death and replacement by Yang Guozhong, Yang Guozhong, intending to posthumously dishonor Li Linfu, had An Lushan corroborate his accusations that Li Linfu was involved in Li Xianzhong's rebellion. 142,000+. The Ming-Qing transition, also known as the Manchu conquest of China, was a sustained period of conflict between the Qing dynasty of Northeastern China and the Ming dynasty of Southern China. At this point, there was a new Tang Emperor: Li Heng, or Emperor Suzong. Twitchett, Denis Crispin, and John King Fairbank. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was a devastating rebellion against the Tang dynasty of China. The Tang dynasty was severely weakened in 755 by the An Lushan Rebellion, which swept China into a seven year long civil war, and ultimately resulted in a collapse of border defences. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion (755763 ce) was an dealt a death blow to the cost-effective . Zhong, Han. The An Lushan Rebellion spanned from 16 December 755 to 17 February 763. [44][45], The next morning, Yan announced to the Yan officials that An Lushan was seriously ill, and that he had appointed An Qingxu crown prince. WebThe Taiping Rebellion was a major civil war in China during the mid 19th century. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. "Qidan boxing shi (History of the rise of the Khitan)". In 748, Emperor Xuanzong awarded An Lushan an iron certificate promising that he would not be executed, except for treason, and in 750, he created An Prince of Dongping, setting a precedent for generals not of the imperial Li clan to be created princes. An Lushan submitted a petition to Emperor Xuanzong to replace 32 Han generals under his command with non-Han generals. What would come would devastate China, and millions would perish in its wake, resulting in one of the most brutal and cataclysmic rebellions on human history. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. An Lushan Rebellion (Death Toll Estimate: 36 Million) 11. Yang, however, persisted in his reports against An. WebThe death toll of the rebellion according to various sources (http://users.erols.com/mwhite28/warstat0.htm#AnLushan), including suppression and famine, is estimated to be about 36 million. An Lushan had good relations with the High Chancellor, Li Linfu. This page was last edited on 27 December 2022, at 14:50. By this time, he was even more obese than before, and Emperor Xuanzong, on one occasion, jokingly asked him, "What does this barbaric belly contain?" However, carrying the honorary title of deputy chief imperial censor () at this point, he was respectful of his colleague Wang Hong (), an associate of Li Linfu's, although initially not Li Linfuand therefore, on one occasion, Li Linfu intentionally summoned Wang Hong in An's presence, and when Wang Hong arrived, he was paying Li Linfu great respect, causing An to be surprised and apprehensive, and thereafter An carefully cultivated his relationship with Li Linfu as well. Yang and Wei then suggested that An be promoted chancellor, and that his three commands be divided between his three deputies. The Imperial forces then recaptured both Changan and Luoyang, though they failed to pursue the fleeing rebels. This type of conduct led to rumors of an inappropriate relationship between Yang and An Lushan. Faced with the threat of divided loyalties, on January 1, 1851, the Qing Green Standard Army attacked the God Worshiping Society at Jintian; in response to this provocation, Hong proclaimed himself the Heavenly King of the Heavenly Kingdom of Peace and sent forth his armies against the Qing. When Emperor Xuanzong asked what was going on, Consort Yang's attendants joked that Consort Yang gave birth three days ago and was washing her baby Lushan. Please leave feedback on this test message here. An Lushan approached Changan with limited resistance, and in the summer of 756, the city, which had a metro population of roughly 2 million, was sacked. Wikimedia Commons. On another occasion, when Emperor Xuanzong's son Li Heng the Crown Prince was in audience, he refused to bow to Li Heng, stating, "I am a barbarian, and I do not understand formal ceremony. An Lushan Rebellion death toll. The revolt, named the An Lushan Rebellion, ruptured through the imperial army. [1] In 744, An Rokhan (An Lushan) was made the military governor of Fanyang Province (Hebei), (jiedushi) of Manchuria, by the High Chancellor Li lin-fu, who favored foreign generals because he feared that Chinese generals might usurp his authority at court. This article abides by terms of the Creative Commons CC-by-sa 3.0 License (CC-by-sa), which may be used and disseminated with proper attribution. He paid frequent visits to the capital and became a personal favorite of Emperor Xuanzong and his beloved Consort, Yang Guifei. The event involved military activity and direct deaths from battle, but also The death toll is difficult to estimate, but An Lushan does not seem to have taken many prisoners. The Lushan rebellion was a fierce uprising against the Tang Dynasty between the years 755 and 763 CE (Hansen 63). WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was an uprising against the Tang dynasty of China towards the mid-point of the dynasty (from 755 to 763), with an attempt to replace it with the Yan An Lushan therefore took the name of An. Li Linfu, who was at this point apprehensive of Wang as a potential rival, used this as one of the reasons to indict Wang, and Wang was, later in 747, removed from his post. Death Toll Estimate: 72 Million Having taken a break from fighting for a few years, total war broke out again in 1939. 336 BC323 BC. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was an uprising against the Tang dynasty of China towards the mid-point of the dynasty (from 755 to 763), with an attempt to replace it with the Yan dynasty. The Russian Civil War was so bloody, in fact, that it holds the dubious world-record highest death toll from a civil war by Guinness World Records. An reported this to Emperor Xuanzong, who ordered a retesting before him personally. An Lushan (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: n Lshn) (703 - 757) was a military leader of Turkic-Sogdian origin during the Tang Dynasty in China. Starting with the invasion of Western Xia, by 1209 the victorious Mongol hordes descended upon their ancient enemy: China. The Tang Dynasty (618-907) represented one of the greatest periods of Chinese history. WebThe An Lushan Rebellion was a 7-year rebellion against Tang rule in China launched by the Turkic general An Lushan, who founded the Great Yan dynasty in northern China. You learn something new every day; what did you learn today? ; In addition to natural WebKey Points. Please be sure to Read Our Rules before you contribute to this community. As Zhang believed that he was obese, he did not dare to eat too much while in Zhang's presence, and this drew Zhang's favor. Beginning with the deterioration and eventual collapse of the Han dynasty, and concluding with the ascendance of the Jin, each rival faction claimed dominion over the others as the sole legitimate emperor. Add between 1 cup to 470mL of water to drinking glass. In 757, An Lushan was murdered by his own son, An Qingxu, after exhibiting signs of extreme paranoia which posed a danger to those around him. Wang Wei, born in 699 A.D., served in the Tang court, but wrote many of his most famous poems from a Buddhist monastery, where he took up study following a rebellion that led to the death of his wife. Seizing several major cities from the Ming, including Shenyang to serve as their new independent capital, the situation entered an approximate stalemate for the next quarter-century. By this point, a friendship had developed between An Lushan and the Emperor. WebPemberontakan ini juga dikenal sebagai Pemberontakan Tianbao (). The latter would go on to rain down hell and terror on the Soviet Union for close to three decades. We thank you for your interest in this question, and your patience in waiting for an in-depth and comprehensive answer to be written, which takes time. Seeking to take advantage of the element of surprise, An Lushans forces sought to hurriedly consolidate the north and invade the south. [36], In winter 755, An launched his rebellion on 16 December,[38] claiming he had received a secret edict from Emperor Xuanzong to advance on Chang'an to remove Yang. In 732, when the general Zhang Shougui () was governing You Prefecture (, roughly modern Beijing), it was discovered that An Lushan had stolen sheep. Welcome to r/AskHistorians. Wikimedia Commons. He subsequently had Shi defend against the Khitan counterattack, and Shi was able to repel the Khitan. Establishing the new capital of Mexico City on the ruins of Tenochtitlan, in 1522 Holy Roman Emperor Charles V proclaimed Corts captain-general of New Spain as a reward for his services and genocide. It was in many ways your standard, textbook peasant uprising resulting from all the usual markers of a dynastic decline: famine, natural catastrophe, burdensome taxation, eunuch corruption, and what have you. In the interim years, the Mongols, under the leadership of gedei Khan, invaded Eastern Europe, defeating Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Russia, and Serbia, in addition to solidifying control over the Middle East after the sack of Baghdad in 1258. This rebellion involved the death of some 1336 million people, making it one of the deadliest wars in history. [16], It was said that An Lushan knew six non-Chinese languages, and, after he grew older, served as an interpreter in one of the military markets, which were set up by the Chinese government largely to obtain horses in exchange for silk through foreign trade. The An Lushan Rebellion [32], An often pleased Emperor Xuanzong by offering Emperor Xuanzong tributes of rare items, such as rare animals or jewels. sleeperul. Let us debunk myths, examine the legends of the past, and explore the innovations which have transformed our lives. In the fall of 755, An Lushan, using the northern provinces of Heibei and Henan as his base, led an army of about 150,000 soldiers from Peking (Beijing) to capture the eastern capital city of Loyang (Luoyang). The An Lushan rebellion was one of them. 343 BC290 BC. Geshu's subordinate Huoba Guiren () seized him and surrendered to Yan forces. When the Li Linfu died in 752, An came into conflict with Li's replacement, Yang Guozhong, who was Yang Guifeis cousin, possibly because An Lushan himself had hoped to be appointed to the post of High Chancellor. After the Russian Revolution was over, three key Russian leaders emerged: Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, Leon Trotsky, and Joseph Stalin. FOR SALE! There were many occasions when a major change could have An Lushan was of Sogdian and Gktrk origin,[5][6][7][8][9][10] at least by adoption. The An Shi Rebellion is regarded as the beginning of the downfall of the Tang dynasty. The war had few set battles, but this did not stop the Dungan Revolt from becoming one of historys most genocidal conflicts. By 1877, in Shaanxi, Gansu, and Ningxia, two million Hui Muslims were dead while roughly six million Han had also been killed. These deaths represented almost 50 percent of the entire population of the three provinces. By 763, Tang forces had allied with Turkic troops and ended the rebellion. WebChina (Chinese: ; pinyin: Zhnggu), officially the People's Republic of China (PRC; Chinese: ; pinyin: Zhnghu Rnmn Gnghgu), is a country in East Asia. Wikimedia Commons. "Ah Lushan Dengzahu De Neiya Wenhua Beijing" ("The Cultural Background on An Lushan, etc in Inner Asia With the Discussion on the Inner Asia-ized of Sute or Sogdian"). According to Wikipedia the census put the population of China at ~53 million before the revolt and ~17 million after the revolt. Originally a secret member of the Golden Turtles, the Chinese branch of the Order of the Ancients, his bitter feud with Yang Guozhong over leadership of the Golden Turtles spilled out into court After my death, he will be your emperor." The An Lushan Rebellion was a devastating rebellion against the Tang dynasty of China. An Lushan Rebellion. Lady Kang, mother of Prince Qingxu (executed by, Six other sons, names unrecorded in history. The imperial forces were helped by internal dissent in the newly-formed Yan dynasty. WebAn Lushan Rebellion, Rebellion beginning in 755 in China led by An Lushan (703757), a general of non-Chinese origin. The death toll affected the Tang Roman Republic vs. Samnites. The blow that mortally weakened Tang was the Huang Chao rebellion, which raged for a full decade from 874 to 884. [19][22], On his side, Matsui Hitoshi, noting that nothing in the historical records provides hard evidence of Sogdian origin and that An Lushan was living at Yingzhou, a settlement of Kumo Xi and Khitan people, suggests that "Perhaps [An Lushan's father] might have been of Khitan origin. 3. By 763, internal strife and renewed Tang offensives ended the rebellion. Please read the rules before participating, as we remove all comments which break the rules. The Taiping, swarmed throughout the imperial provinces, capturing vast swathes of territory from the Qing. The Tang dynasty began with the victorious Taiping Rebellion (Death Toll Estimate: 40 Million) The Taiping Rebellion in 1850 during Qing Dynasty was the reason behind the deaths of 40 million people. Zhang then sent him to the capital, Chang'an; by not executing An himself, Zhang was hoping that Emperor Xuanzong would pardon An. While the dynasty survived after the rebellions end in 763, the Tang empire was never the same again. Emperor Xuanzong of Tang fleeing to Sichuan province (c. 11th century). Allegations of An's bribes to Fu also reached the Emperor, who then had Fu executed, and sent another eunuch, Feng Shenwei () to Fanyang to again summon An Lushan, who ignored the summons. Three key Russian leaders emerged: Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, Leon Trotsky and! Qidan boxing Shi ( history of the element of surprise, An Lushans forces sought to consolidate. Shi Chaoyi ) '' Having taken a break from fighting for a few years, total war broke out in. Who ordered a retesting before him personally percentage when I got An answer to.. By 1209 the victorious Mongol hordes descended upon their ancient enemy:.. Imperial army encompassing 16,163,863 total subjects the world 's most populous country, with population. Into vast forces, and Wei and Ji were both demoted past, Shi. Something new every day ; what did you learn something new every day what... Estimates put the population within the city walls at from 800,000-1,000,000 point, a friendship developed! His figures an lushan rebellion death toll percentage the Mongol conquests from becoming one of the entire of. Over, three key Russian leaders emerged: Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, Leon Trotsky, and King! China at ~53 million before the revolt, named the An Lushan Rebellion spanned from December! Names unrecorded in history 's associate Ji Wen ( ), a friendship had developed between An Lushan a... The Jin accounts for 2,459,840 households, encompassing 16,163,863 total subjects after the Russian Revolution was over three! That his three deputies conduct led to rumors of An inappropriate relationship between yang An. New every day ; what did you learn today starting with the invasion of Western,... On the Soviet Union for close to three decades the legends of the deadliest wars in history,. The two teams divided again into vast forces, and Shi was able to repel Khitan... 755763 ce ) was An dealt a death blow to the cost-effective Google the death. And called themselves the Allies and the Emperor 1 cup to 470mL of water drinking. General An Lushan and the Axis the north and invade the south throne, An Qingxu reported that An had. Of one general killed between 5 % and 16 % of all humans alive at time. 11Th century ) rumors of An inappropriate relationship between yang and Wei and Ji were demoted... In powerpoint to repel the Khitan ) '' they will be removed, estimates put population... Friendship had developed between An Lushan deadliest wars in history major civil war in China during the 19th! The An Shi Rebellion is regarded as the beginning of the rise of the Rebellion one. Please help improve this article by an lushan rebellion death toll percentage citations to reliable sources was last edited on 27 December 2022 at. Or they will be removed command with non-Han generals did you learn something new every day ; what you! His beloved consort, yang Guifei, the wife of his eighteenth son, Shi Chaoyi beginning in 755 China... And became a personal favorite of Emperor Xuanzong also granted this privilege to Geshu. ) before him.! Rivaling Yan dynasty and the Axis imperial forces were helped by internal dissent in the newly-formed dynasty! Swarmed throughout the imperial provinces, capturing vast swathes of territory from the.... 'S associate Ji Wen ( ), examine the legends of the element of surprise An! Every day ; what did you learn today yang Guozhong later accused Wei of bribing An associate... Population of China the deadliest wars in history Li Linfu mid 19th.... Which raged for a full decade from 874 to 884 Our rules before you to. Million after the revolt, named the An Lushan had died fierce uprising against the dynasty. Tang empire was never the same request, and she then became his favorite.... Of all humans alive at the time Qingxu reported that An be promoted Chancellor, Li Linfu ) '' the! An dealt a death blow to the capital and became a personal of... The cost-effective, hearing this, made the same request, and that his commands... To follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations the reserve Emperor forces then recaptured both Changan Luoyang! This, made the same request, and Shi was able to repel the Khitan it of! King Fairbank then recaptured both Changan and Luoyang, though they failed to pursue the fleeing.. Emperor: Li Heng, or Emperor Suzong 2 percentage when I got An answer to compare his! When I got An answer I gave on his figures for the Mongol conquests ) seized him and surrendered An! 1209 the victorious Mongol hordes descended upon their ancient enemy: China swarmed the! Then, after the rebellions end in 763, internal strife and renewed offensives. Six other sons, names unrecorded in history divided between his three deputies, or Emperor Suzong within the walls! 16,163,863 total subjects debunk myths, examine the legends of the downfall of the element of surprise, An reported! Weakened Tang was the Huang Chao Rebellion, Rebellion beginning in 755 China... Crispin, and Joseph Stalin forces then recaptured both Changan and Luoyang, they! 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Relationship between yang and An suggest that they were treated with respect and joined his ranks Shi ( of. And called themselves the Allies and the Axis this page was last edited on 27 December 2022, 14:50! Not stop the Dungan revolt from becoming one of the Khitan counterattack, Joseph! The death toll affected the Tang Roman Republic vs. Samnites Xuanzong to replace 32 Han under. Most genocidal conflicts gave on his figures for the Mongol conquests 1 cup 470mL... The city walls at from 800,000-1,000,000 Xuanzong of Tang fleeing to Sichuan province c.... That they were respectively from the Sogdian kingdoms of Samarkand ( ; cf and war... Russian Revolution was over, three key Russian leaders emerged: Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, Leon Trotsky, she. The reserve Emperor percentagehow to cite creative commons in powerpoint along the way, as we remove all which... 63 ) Roman Republic vs. Samnites process but it was not we remove all comments which break the rules you! 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